Amanani ethu azoba mahle futhi ancintisane ngenxa yamandla ethu okukhiqiza aqinile, noma ngabe amanani angashintsha kuye ngokutholakala kanye nezinye izici zemakethe. Sizokuthumelela uhlu lwamanani olubuyekeziwe ngemuva kokuthi inkampani yakho isithinte ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe.
Empeleni akunjalo. Sizocaphuna ngokusekelwe kunani lakho. Uma u-oda kakhulu, uzothola intengo engcono. Futhi uma udinga amasampula wamahhala, sicela usithinte nge-imeyili.
Yebo, yebo. Singakunikeza amadokhumenti ahlobene, njengezitifiketi Zokuhlaziya/Ukuhambisana; Umshwalense; Umsuka, kanye neminye imibhalo yokuthumela ngaphandle.
Ngokwenani lakho kanye nemodeli yakho ngokuningiliziwe, sizokunikeza isikhathi esifanele sokuhola. Njengokujwayelekile, kumasampula, isikhathi sokuhola singaba yizinsuku eziyi-7. Ekukhiqizweni okukhulu, isikhathi sokuhola singaba yizinsuku ezingama-20-30 ngemuva kokuthola inkokhelo yediphozithi. Sazise mahhala uma unemfuneko ekhethekile.
Ungenza inkokhelo ku-akhawunti yethu yasebhange, i-Western Union noma i-PayPal:
Idiphozithi engu-30% kusengaphambili, ibhalansi engu-70% uma iqhathaniswa nekhophi ye-B/L.
Siqinisekisa izinto zethu kanye nomsebenzi wethu. Ukuzibophezela kwethu kukuqinisekisa ukuthi uyaneliseka ngemikhiqizo yethu. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iwaranti iyasebenza noma cha, kuyisiko lenkampani yethu ukubhekana nokuxazulula zonke izinkinga zamakhasimende ngendlela eyanelisa wonke umuntu.
Yebo, sisebenzisa njalo ukupakishwa kokuthumela kwamanye amazwe okuseqophelweni eliphezulu. Siphinde sisebenzise ukupakisha okukhethekile kwezingozi zezimpahla eziyingozi kanye nabathumeli bezindawo zokugcina ezibandayo abaqinisekisiwe bezinto ezizwela ukushisa. Ukupakisha okukhethekile kanye nezidingo zokupakisha ezingezona ezejwayelekile zingase zithole imali eyengeziwe.
Izindleko zokuthumela zincike endleleni okhetha ukuthola ngayo izimpahla. I-Express ngokuvamile iyindlela eshesha kakhulu kodwa futhi ebiza kakhulu. Ukuthwala impahla ngolwandle kuyisisombululo esihle kakhulu senani elikhulu. Amanani empahla esingakunika wona kuphela uma sazi imininingwane yenani, isisindo kanye nendlela. Sicela usithinte ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe.
Eqinisweni, umehluko phakathi kwe-OM3 ne-OM4 fiber usekwakheni kwekhebula le-fiber optical. Umehluko ekwakhiweni usho ukuthi ikhebula le-OM4 linokuncipha okungcono futhi lingasebenza nge-bandwidth ephezulu kune-OM3. Iyini imbangela yalokhu? Ukuze isixhumanisi sefayibha sisebenze, ukukhanya okuvela ku-VCSEL transceiver kunamandla anele okufinyelela kumukeli ngakolunye uhlangothi. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokusebenza ezingavimbela lokhu—ukuncipha kokukhanya kanye nokusabalala kwe-modal.
Ukuncishiswa kwamandla kwesignali yokukhanya njengoba idluliselwa (dB). Ukuncishiswa kwamandla kubangelwa ukulahlekelwa ekukhanyeni ngezingxenye ezingasebenzi, njengezintambo, izixhumi zekhebula, kanye nezixhumi. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla izixhumi ziyafana ngakho umehluko wokusebenza ku-OM3 vs OM4 usekulahlekelweni (dB) kwekhebula. I-fibre ye-OM4 ibangela ukulahlekelwa okuphansi ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwayo. Ukuncishiswa okuphezulu okuvunyelwe yizindinganiso kuboniswe ngezansi. Ungabona ukuthi ukusebenzisa i-OM4 kuzokunikeza ukulahlekelwa okuphansi ngemitha ngayinye yekhebula. Ukulahlekelwa okuphansi kusho ukuthi ungaba nezixhumanisi ezinde noma ube nezixhumi eziningi ezixhumene kusixhumanisi.
Ukunciphisa okuphezulu okuvunyelwe ku-850nm: OM3<3.5 dB/Km; OM4<3.0 dB/Km
Ukukhanya kudluliselwa ngezindlela ezahlukene eceleni kwefayibha. Ngenxa yokungapheleli kufayibha, lezi zindlela zifika ngezikhathi ezihlukile kancane. Njengoba lo mehluko ukhula ekugcineni ufika endaweni lapho ulwazi oludluliselwayo lungenakukwazi ukuhlukaniswa khona. Lo mehluko phakathi kwezindlela eziphakeme kakhulu neziphansi kakhulu waziwa ngokuthi i-modal dispersion. I-modal dispersion inquma i-modal bandwidth ifayibha engasebenza kuyo futhi lo ngumehluko phakathi kwe-OM3 ne-OM4. Uma i-modal dispersion iphansi, i-modal bandwidth iyanda futhi kulapho ulwazi olungadluliselwa lukhulu khona. I-modal bandwidth ye-OM3 ne-OM4 iboniswe ngezansi. I-bandwidth ephezulu etholakalayo ku-OM4 isho i-modal dispersion encane futhi ngaleyo ndlela ivumela izixhumanisi zekhebula ukuba zinde noma ivumela ukulahlekelwa okuphezulu ngokusebenzisa izixhumi ezixhumene kakhulu. Lokhu kunikeza izinketho eziningi uma ubheka ukwakheka kwenethiwekhi.
I-Bandwidth Yekhebula Le-Fiber Elincane ku-850nm: OM3 2000 MHz·km; OM4 4700 MHz·km
Ungasazisa ngokuqhubekayo ngezimo zemvelo lapho imikhiqizo izosetshenziswa khona, kanye nokukhetha imininingwane eningiliziwe efana nomswakama, izinga lokushisa, kanye nezici ze-geological. Singanikeza ukwakheka kwekhebula/i-fiber ehlanganisiwe eklanyelwe wena kanye namanani ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zakho ezithile. Izinketho zomkhiqizo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso nazo ziyatholakala.
Ikhebula le-fiber liqukethe:
I-Core**: Ingilazi/i-silica emsulwa kakhulu (ububanzi obungu-8-62.5µm) yokudlulisa ukukhanya.
Ukuvala**: Ingqimba yangaphandle enenkomba yokukhanya ephansi ukuze iqukathe ukukhanya.
Ukugqoka**: Isendlalelo se-acrylate esivikelayo (250µm).
Amalungu anamandla**: Izinduku ze-Aramid/fiberglass.
Ijakethi yangaphandle**: Izinto ze-PE/PVC/LSZH zokuvikela imvelo.
| **Ipharamitha** | **Imodi Eyodwa (SMF)** | **Imodi Eningi (MMF)** |
|----------------------|- ...
| Ububanzi be-Core | 8-10µm | 50/62.5µm |
| Ibanga | 80-120km | ≤550m (OM4) |
| Ububanzi bomkhawulo | Okungenamkhawulo (ngokwethiyori) | Kunqunyelwe ukusabalala kwe-modal |
| Izindleko | Ephakeme (imithombo ye-laser) | Ephansi (i-LED/i-VCSEL) |
| **Ikesi Lokusebenzisa** | I-Telecom/5G backhaul | Izikhungo zedatha/Ikhampasi |
Ubuchwepheshe be-SDM buhlanganisa:
Imicu eminingi eyinhloko (i-MCF)**: ama-cores angu-7-19/i-fiber, okubonisiwe ukudluliswa kwe-1Pbps.
Imicu yemodi embalwa (i-FMF)**: Izindlela eziningi zokukhanya ngenhliziyo ngayinye.
Inzuzo yomqhubi*: Yehlisa ukuminyana kwemigudu; i-NTT ifake i-MCF eTokyo metro.
Lezi zindwangu:
- Qondisa ukukhanya emoyeni (hhayi engilazini), wehlisa ukubambezeleka ngo-31% (1.46μs/km vs. 2.13μs/km).
- Izinhlelo zokusebenza eziqondiwe: i-HFT (ukuhweba okuvama kakhulu), amanethiwekhi e-quantum.
*Inselele*: Ukuncipha okuphezulu (~3dB/km) uma kuqhathaniswa no-0.17dB/km we-SMF.
A: Izindawo ezintathu okugxilwe kuzo:
1. I-Fronthaul**: Sebenzisa imicu ye-G.654.E (ukulahleka okuphansi, indawo enkulu ephumelelayo) yamaza angaphezu kuka-400G.
2. Amaseli amancane**: Amakhebula amancane (≤6mm ububanzi) okusetshenziswa okubanzi kwasemadolobheni.
3. Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-SDN**: Yenza ngokuzenzakalelayo ukwabiwa kwezinsiza zefayibha nge-OpenROADM.
A: Izinzuzo zifaka:
- Ukwehliswa kwezindleko ngo-30% ngokusebenzisa amadizayini angavumelani nabathengisi (isb., i-Vodafone's Open Fiber Initiative).
- Ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo (amamojula e-fiber axhunyiwe futhi adlalwayo).
A:** Ukuhlolwa okubucayi:
I-OTDR (I-Optical Time Domain Reflectometer)**: Ilinganisa ukulahleka/ukuphuka kwe-splice.
Ukuhlolwa Kokulahlekelwa Kokufakwa**: Ukuqinisekiswa kokulahlekelwa kwe-dB kusukela ekuqaleni kuya ekugcineni.
Ukuhlolwa Kokusabalala Kwe-Chromatic**: Kubalulekile ezinhlelweni ezihambisanayo ezingaphezu kuka-100G.
1. **Isinyathelo 1**: Thola iphutha ngaphakathi kwamamitha angu-3 usebenzisa i-OTDR enesisombululo esiphezulu.
2. **Isinyathelo 2**: Sebenzisa izikhafu ze-fiber ezingamarobhothi ukuze zilungiswe ngaphansi komhlaba.
3. **Isinyathelo 3**: Sebenzisa ama-fusion splicers anokulahleka kwe-splice okungu-≤0.02dB.
Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zifaka:
-Ifayibha yemodi eyodwa (i-SMF):** Yakhelwe ukudluliselwa kwebanga elide, okune-bandwidth ephezulu (isb., ubude bamaza obungu-1310/1550nm).
-I-Multimode fiber (MMF):** Isetshenziselwa amabanga amafushane (isb., i-OM1/OM2/OM3/OM4/OM5 ye-850/1300nm).
Izintambo zangaphakathi/zangaphandle:** Imiklamo ye-armored, engagqokile, yeribhoni, noma yamapayipi akhululekile.
-izintambo ezikhethekile:** FTTH (Izintambo zokulahla), izintambo zasolwandle, izintambo zasemoyeni, njll.
cabanga:
- **Ibanga:** I-SMF ye->1km; I-MMF ye-≤500m (iyahlukahluka ngesilinganiso sedatha).
- **Izindleko:** Ama-transceiver e-MMF ashibhile kodwa i-SMF inikeza ukuvikela esikhathini esizayo.
- **Uhlelo lokusebenza:** I-SMF yezokuxhumana ngocingo/ukuhamba isikhathi eside; I-MMF yezikhungo zedatha/ama-LAN.
Iziqondiso ezibalulekile:
- Gwema ukudlula ukucindezela kokudonsa** (isib., ≤150N ye-SMF).
- Gcina okungenani i-**i-radius egobile** (isib., 20mm yezintambo zokunamathisela).
- Sebenzisa **ukuxhumanisa/izixhumi** ezifanele (LC/SC/MPO) bese uhlanza iziphetho ze-ferrule.
- Hlola nge-**OTDR/amamitha kagesi** ngemuva kokufakwa.
Ngokuvamile **iminyaka engu-20–25**, kodwa kuncike ku:
- Izici zemvelo (umswakama, ukuchayeka ku-UV).
- Ukucindezeleka kwemishini (ukugoba, ukudlidliza).
- Intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe ingase ikhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa ngaphambi kwe-EOL.