nguSarah Wray, Umhleli, iCities Today
https://www.itu.int/hub/2022/05/smart-home-iot-benefits-social-care-older-persons/
Ukwenyuka kwezindleko zokunakekelwa kwezenhlalo, ukuguga kwabantu, kanye nokuntuleka kwabasebenzi bokunakekela kuletha izinselele ezinkulu kuziphathimandla zendawo zase-UK.
Inani elikhulayo lihlola ukuthi uhlobo lwakamuva lobuchwepheshe bokusiza lungabasiza kanjani izakhamuzi ezisengozini ukuba zihlale ngokuzimela isikhathi eside emakhaya azo, zithuthukise ikhwalithi yokuphila kwazo ngesikhathi esifanayo zisiza ekulinganiseni isabelomali.
Amakhansela kumele futhi alungiselele ukushintshela kwedijithali kuya ku-analog ngo-2025, okuzodinga izixazululo eziningi ze-telecare ukuze zithuthukiswe.
Ubuchwepheshe obuqaliswayo buhlanganisa izinzwa, izipikha nezibani ezihlakaniphile, i-virtual reality, kanye nokuxhumana ngevidiyo. Izinhlelo ezinjalo zinamandla okubonisa amandla eqiniso ezindlu ezihlakaniphile ngale kobuqili begajethi kanye nokulula kakhulu.
Ubukhulu kanye nokuxhaswa ngezimali kuhlale kuyinselele. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe kusukela ekuhlolweni nasekuhlolweni, imikhandlu eminingana iqala ukuthuthukisa ubudlelwano obusha kanye namamodeli ezezimali.
Ikhishi lilandisa indaba
UMkhandlu waseSutton eLondon ubelokhu usebenzisana neSutton Housing Group kanye nenkampani yezobuchwepheshe i-IoT Solutions Group ukuze kufakwe izinzwa ezingaba ngu-150 ezingaphakathi ekhaya ezinikeza ulwazi lwesikhathi sangempela ngezinga lomsebenzi womuntu ngamunye.
Ukubambisana kwase kuqhubeka kakade mayelana namacala okusetshenziswa kwe-IoT ahlobene nodoti kanye nokupaka. Njengoba isidingo sokunakekelwa komphakathi sanda ngesikhathi sobhubhane kanye nokuxhumana ubuso nobuso kwadingeka kuncishiswe, i-IoT Solutions Group yasheshisa umkhiqizo omusha.
Inzwa iqapha izinguquko ezimweni zomkhathi - njengokubilisa iketela, ukuvula umnyango noma ukwenza ukudla, futhi ingahlonza nezinkinga ezifana nengozi yobumpofu bukaphethiloli noma umswakama.
Izinzwa ezisebenzisa ibhethri, ezixhunywe ngenethiwekhi enamandla aphansi, ebanzi (i-LPWAN), zilethwe ngebhokisi lezincwadi, kungekho ma-plug, izintambo noma ukucushwa okudingekayo futhi kungekho sidingo sokuxhumeka kwe-inthanethi ekhaya.
“[Izakhamuzi] ziyakwazi ukukufaka ekhishini bese zikhohlwa ngakho,” kusho uNeal Forse, uMsunguli kanye ne-CTO kwa-IoT Solutions Group.
"Izinguquko zomkhathi ezitholwa yinzwa zihlanganiswa efwini, futhi yilapho siqhuba khona zonke izibalo, sisebenzisa ama-algorithms ukunquma imisebenzi yabantu ngokungafani nanoma yini enye."
Lokhu kwakha 'iwele ledijithali' lomuntu ngamunye ngokusekelwe ezindleleni zakhe ezijwayelekile zokuziphatha futhi kuphakamisa isexwayiso esisheshayo kumnakekeli, ilungu lomndeni noma isikhulu sokuphila esizimele uma kutholwa izinguquko kuphethini.
Lokhu kunikeza enye indlela esikhundleni sama-alamu okunakekela ngocingo, isibonelo, okumele izakhamuzi ziwacindezele futhi, njengoba uBradley Coupar, uMphathi weProjekthi ye-Smart Place kanye noSomabhizinisi Wezenhlalakahle, uMkhandlu waseSutton, ephawula, “ngokuvamile bagcina bevale ucingo noma befakwe edroweni”.
UCoupar uthi uhlelo seluvele luholele ekungeneleleni kwasekuqaleni futhi lwasindisa okungenani impilo eyodwa lapho isakhamuzi siwela ekhaya laso.
Uthi lolu cwaningo oluqhubekayo luphinde lwabonisa izinzuzo zokubona ngeso lengqondo idatha nokusebenzisa ukufunda komshini kanye nokuhlaziya okubikezelayo ukuze kube lula, kunokuba kube lula. Lunamandla okunciphisa izindleko zomkhandlu ochitha imali engaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-70 esabelomali sawo ekunakekelweni komphakathi.
“Inhloso akukhona ukususa ukuxhumana nabantu [noma ukunciphisa] ukwesekwa okungena, kodwa imayelana nokuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ukwesekwa okufanele ngesikhathi esifanele ngezindlela ezifanele,” ephawula.
Insizakalo yesenzwa ye-IoT Solutions Group ibiza cishe ama-GBP ayi-10 (ama-USD ayi-13) ngenyanga ngedivayisi ngayinye, kanti izaphulelo zisetshenziswa ngokusekelwe enanini lezisenzwa kanye nobude benkontileka.
“Amadivayisi [okunakekelwa ngocingo] esinawo njengamanje ezindaweni zabantu — izindleko zidlula kakhulu lezo,” kusho uCoupar.
Manje isihluthulelo ukwenza ubuchwepheshe butholakale kabanzi ngendlela ehlelekile.
Esigabeni esilandelayo sokuhlolwa, le divayisi izofakwa ezinkundleni eziningana zabahlinzeki bezinsizakalo zokunakekelwa kwezingcingo, okuzokwenza ukuthi ifinyeleleke nakwezinye iziphathimandla zendawo kwezinye izindawo.
“Inkinga ohlangana nayo kuma-pilot ukuthi ubuchwepheshe abuzange bufakwe njengomkhiqizo futhi buxhunywe kwenye ingqalasizinda ye-telecare,” kusho uCoupar. “Ukuhlanganisa amadivayisi amasha kumamodeli akhona esinawo kuyinto engiyikhuthazayo ngempela.”
Thuthukisa, ungasunguli
NjengoSutton, uMkhandlu Wedolobha laseNewcastle nawo ufunde ngokuhlola ukuthi ukusebenza nabalingani kubalulekile.
Umkhandlu usebenza ne-consulting Urban Foresight njengomlingani wawo wokusungula izinto ezintsha ngokuguqulwa kwedijithali. Ngokusebenzisa indlela eholwa yinselele, insizakalo yokuvuselela kabusha ngaphakathi kokunakekelwa kwezenhlalo kwabantu abadala ihlonzwe njengendawo lapho amathuluzi edijithali angaba nomthelela omkhulu - ikakhulukazi ahlobene nokuwa. Insizakalo yesikhashana isiza abantu ukuthi balulame futhi bahlale ngokuzimela emakhaya ngemuva kokuhlala esibhedlela noma ukushintsha kwezidingo.
Inqubo yokuthola ithole ukuthi amaphesenti angu-41 abasebenzisi bezinsizakalo zokuvuselela babhekana nokuwa ngaphambi noma ngesikhathi sephakheji yabo yokunakekelwa, futhi lokhu kwakungabhalwa phansi. Izimbangela ezivamile kwakuwukungadli nokuphuza ngokwanele, ukuthambekela ngokweqile noma ukuwa ngenkathi behambahamba ekhaya, kanye nesidingo sokulinganisela okungcono namandla.
Ithimba lenze ukuskena kobuchwepheshe ukuze libone ukuthi yimaphi amathuluzi angasiza kanye nocwaningo lwabasebenzisi mayelana nendlela abantu abazizwa ngayo ngobuchwepheshe bedijithali.
Bakhethe izipikha ezihlakaniphile ze-Amazon Alexa ukuze zikhumbuze abantu ukuthi badle futhi baphuze, izibani ze-Philips Smart Hue ukusiza abantu ukuthi bahambe ekhaya, kanye nohlelo lokuthuthukiswa ngokomzimba olunikezwa ngevidiyo.
“Samangala kakhulu ukuthi bangaki abantu abanoxhumano lwe-Wi-Fi namakhono edijithali futhi babenesifiso sokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obusha ukuze babasize baphile ngokuphephile emakhaya,” kusho u-Emma Clement, uMxhumanisi Omkhulu kwa-Urban Foresight.
Ukufakwa kwalolu hlelo bekukuncane – kusukela entwasahlobo ka-2021, abasebenzisi abayi-12 bathole ingxube yobuchwepheshe kuye ngezidingo zabo, kodwa uBen McLaughlan, uMphathi Wezinsizakalo, Izinsizakalo Zokunakekela Ukunakekelwa Komphakathi Kwabantu Abadala kanye Nezinsizakalo Ezihlanganisiwe eMasipala Wedolobha LaseNewcastle, uthi ngisho nangalesi silinganiso lesi sinyathelo sinikeze izifundo ezibalulekile.
Idivayisi ye-Alexa iphumelele kakhulu ezikhumbuzweni, ukukhanya okuhlakaniphile bekuyasebenza kodwa kwabhekwa “njengokuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ezinhlelweni eziqalisiwe,” futhi uhlelo lokusebenza lokubiza ngevidiyo aluzange ludlulele ngale kobufakazi bomqondo ngenxa yezinselele zokuxhumeka.
Ngale phrojekthi kwasungulwa uhlelo lokurekhoda kangcono ukuwa.
Isifundo esikhulu somkhandlu kwakuwukudlala ngamandla awo. Ukuhlolwa kubonise ukuthi ithimba lokuvuselela lisendaweni engcono kakhulu yokusekela abantu abadala ekusebenziseni ubuchwepheshe ukuze bafeze imigomo yabo, kodwa hhayi ukubufaka. Esigabeni esilandelayo, umkhandlu kanye ne-Urban Foresight bazosebenzisana nomlingani we-telecare okhona onolwazi lokuqalisa ubuchwepheshe basekhaya nokuphatha izinkinga ezifana nokulawulwa kwesitoko kanye nokuthengwa kwempahla.
“Isimiso esisithathile sithi: thuthukisa, ungasunguli,” kusho uClement.
Ukuhlolwa kwenani lemali kuphethe ngokuthi ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe babathengi kuyabiza futhi ukube umzamo wokuhlola ubuvimbele ukuwa kanye nje, ngabe uzikhokhele ngaphezu kokuphindwe kabili.
Isigaba esilandelayo sizozama nama-pendant asebenzisa ukuxhumana kweselula ukuze agqokwe ngaphandle kwekhaya, futhi afaka phakathi i-location tracker yokusekela abantu abanesifo sokulahlekelwa yingqondo abangase balahleke. Amadivayisi e-Alexa azophinde avivinywe endaweni yokunakekelwa kwasekhaya.
UClement uthe ezinye izifundo ezibalulekile ezifundwe ukubaluleka kokuthatha indlela esekelwe ezinseleleni, yokungakholelwa kubuchwepheshe, kanye nokuba nelungu labasebenzi elizinikele ukuqondisa uhlelo.
Lo msebenzi uphinde uhlanganiswe ne-Collaborative Newcastle, ukubambisana phakathi komkhandlu, izinhlangano zezempilo kanye nezenhlalakahle, umkhakha wokuzithandela kanye namanyuvesi ukuthuthukisa impilo kanye nenhlalakahle edolobheni. Lesi sinyathelo manje sinomzila wokusebenza wedijithali, ozosiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imibono emisha iyahlolwa ngendlela ephelele, kusho uMcLaughlan.
Imbuyiselo ekutshalweni kwezimali
ILiverpool izama ubuchwepheshe bezempilo bedijithali ngenethiwekhi yayo ye-5G. Lokhu kusekela izinhlelo zokusebenza ezibaluleke kakhulu futhi kunikeza amakhono ezwi okuxoxa, okuyinto u-Ann Williams, uMphathi Wezinsizakalo Zezenhlalo Zabantu Abadala eLiverpool City Council, athi ibalulekile.
“Kunezinzwa eziningi ezingasebenzisa i-IoT futhi zinhle kakhulu,” ephawula. “Zishibhile kunemishini yendabuko yokunakekelwa kwe-telecare, ngakho lokho kuyinzuzo. Kodwa siyaqaphela ukuthi ayikwazi ukuthatha indawo yesistimu yokunakekelwa kwe-telecare ngendlela efanayo ngoba awukwazi ukuba naleyo ngxoxo yezwi.”
Isigaba sokuqala somsebenzi saqala ngo-Ephreli 2018 njengengxenye yoHlelo lwe-5G Testbeds and Trials loMnyango Wezamasiko, Abezindaba kanye Nezemidlalo futhi lwaqhubeka izinyanga ezingu-20.
Lo msebenzi, owaqanjwa njengovivinyo lokuqala lwezempilo olusekelwa yi-5G lwalolu hlobo eYurophu, uthole ama-GBP ayizigidi ezingu-4.9 (ama-USD ayizigidi ezingu-6.4) ukuhlola ukuthi ubuchwepheshe be-5G bunganikeza kanjani izinzuzo zezempilo nezokunakekelwa kwezenhlalo ezilinganisekayo endaweni entula idijithali.
Yalethwa yiqembu elihlanganisa imikhakha eyahlukene futhi kwahlolwa ubuchwepheshe obuyi-11 nezisebenzi zokuzithandela, okuhlanganisa izinhlelo zokusebenza zokunciphisa isizungu, izinsizakalo zezempilo eziphathwayo, ukuphazamiseka kobuhlungu obungokoqobo, izinzwa zemvelo, idivayisi yokulwa nokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, kanye nesixhumanisi sevidiyo sekhemisi esivumela abantu ukuthi baphuze umuthi ngokuphephile ekhaya.
Ukuhlolwa kwaphetha ngokuthi ukusebenzisa kungathuthukisa imiphumela yezempilo kanye nekhwalithi yokuphila kwabasebenzisi bezinsizakalo futhi kwandise namandla ezinsizakalo zezempilo nezokunakekelwa kwezenhlalo.
Ukuhlaziywa kubalwe ukonga izindleko okulinganiselwayo kwezinsizakalo zezempilo nezokunakekelwa kwezenhlalo okungaphezu kuka-200,000 GBP ngabasebenzisi abayi-100 ngonyaka, kuye ngobuchwepheshe obusetshenzisiwe.
Isigaba sesibili salo msebenzi sithole imali eyengeziwe engu-4.3 million GBP ukuthuthukisa inethiwekhi yangasese ye-5G yezinsizakalo zezempilo nezokunakekelwa kwezenhlalo ezindaweni ezikhethiwe zaseLiverpool.
Ubuchwepheshe buhlanganisa idivayisi yezinga lezokwelapha yokuphatha nokuqapha izimo zezempilo kude, uhlelo lokusebenza olufundisa amasu okunciphisa ukukhathazeka, isevisi yokuhlolwa kwe-GP ekude, ukunakekelwa nokuphathwa kwamanxeba kanye nobuchwepheshe bezinzwa.
Lo msebenzi usanda kwandiswa ukuze uqhubeke kuze kube uSepthemba 2022 futhi uhlose ukuthuthukisa 'uhlelo' lokusetshenziswa kwamanethiwekhi azimele e-5G ekulethweni kwezinsizakalo zomphakathi.
Lo msebenzi uzophetha ngokuhlaziywa okuningiliziwe kwecala lebhizinisi le-5G yangasese.
UWilliams uthe lokhu kuzobe kumayelana nezinzuzo zekhwalithi yempilo kanye nezemali enzima futhi kungabandakanya izici ezifana nezindleko ezigwenywa ngabantu abahlala ngokuzimela isikhathi eside, ukwehla kokuwa kanye namahora abanakekeli abakhululiwe.
Ukuhlola izinzuzo ezitholwayo kusho ukucaca ngemigomo, usho kanje.
"Besilokhu sinenkulumo yangempela yokungabi nabuchwepheshe ngenxa yobuchwepheshe. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zobuchwepheshe obuhlaba umxhwele, kodwa umbuzo uwukuthi: ingabe buxazulula inkinga yesikhathi eside ngempela?"
Umphumela wenethiwekhi
Nakuba udaba lwebhizinisi lungeyona nje indaba yezezimali, amadolobha kudingeka acabangele ukuthi izinhlelo zingaxhaswa kanjani isikhathi eside.
Indlela ekhulayo yokwenza icala lebhizinisi iyindlela ephelele kakhulu.
“Sinombono obanzi womphakathi kunokunakekelwa kwempilo nomphakathi nje kuphela,” kusho uWilliams. “Kunezinye izinto eziningi esingazisebenzisela le [nethiwekhi].”
Njengoba kuboniswa umkhuba, isinyathelo seLiverpool sixhunyaniswe nemizamo yokunciphisa ukuhlukana kwedijithali ukuze abantu abaningi bakwazi ukufinyelela amathuba aku-inthanethi emfundo, umsebenzi kanye nezinjongo zenhlalo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokuthi inethiwekhi yeLiverpool iyimfihlo, idolobha linganikeza 'izingcezu' kubasebenzi benethiwekhi yeselula ukugcwalisa izikhala zokumboza.
“Lokho kuguqula ubudlelwano obujwayelekile nezinkampani zomakhalekhukhwini,” kusho uWilliams. “Enye yezinkampani ezinkulu yathi kimi: ‘Ann, asinawo umnyango lapho amakhansela esithengisela khona: thina sithengisela wena.’”
UWilliams ulindele ukuthi le ndlela "ephazamisayo" ithandwe kakhulu yiziphathimandla zendawo.
Ukwamukelwa
Izindlu zabantu ziyizindawo zabo eziyimfihlo kakhulu ngakho-ke kunemibuzo mayelana nokuthi ukuqapha kwedijithali kungazwakala kuphazanyisa yini.
UCoupar uthi bambalwa kakhulu izakhamuzi ezanikezwa le nsizakalo eSutton abayenqaba. Akukho ukuqoshwa okubonakalayo noma okulalelwayo okwenzekayo, futhi akukho datha yomuntu siqu eqoqwayo.
"Kwakulula impela ukucela ngoba kwakungekho sidingo sokufakwa okuyinkimbinkimbi. Ngesikhathi lapho abantu babekhathazekile kakhulu ngempilo yabo, ngicabanga ukuthi kwakwamukelwa ukuthi iziphathimandla zendawo zazicabanga ngezindlela zokugcina abantu bephephile."
INewcastle ithole ukuthi ezinye izakhamuzi zaziqaphela lapho zithintwa ngocingo futhi kwaba yinto ebalulekile ukuyisa imishini kuzo bese ziyibonisa.
I-Urban Foresight inikeze isiqondiso ngokuphathwa kwedatha kanye nolwazi olunikezwe abantu mayelana nokuba yingxenye yesivivinyo.
“Kunezifanekiso eziningi kakhulu esingazisebenzisa kabusha esikhathini esizayo,” kusho uMcLaughlan.
UWilliams uthe inani elincane labahlanganyeli eLiverpool libuyisele amadivayisi ezinzwa lithi alithandi umuzwa wokuthi aqashwe ngaso sonke isikhathi. Amathuluzi “awawona awo wonke umuntu,” usho kanje kodwa ukholelwa ukuthi lokhu kuzoshintsha kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi njengoba abantu bejwayela kakhulu amadivayisi afana namawashi ahlakaniphile kanye nobunye ubuchwepheshe.
“Nathi asikwazi ukwenza izitatimende ezibanzi,” kusho yena. “Kunabantu abaningi [asebekhulile] abavele baba ochwepheshe ku-Facebook Portal noma ku-Google Hub ngenxa yalolu bhubhane.”
"Basebenzisa ubuchwepheshe ngaphandle kokububiza ngokuthi ubuchwepheshe - bayazi ukuthi bangakhuluma nabazukulu babo uma benza lokhu, lokhu nalokhu. Futhi yileyo ndlela esibona ngayo abantu bamukela izinto."
Lesi sihloko saqala ukuvela ku-Cities Today.
Ikhredithi yesithombe: Ukukhiqizwa kwe-SHVETS nge-Pexels
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Meyi-06-2022