nguSarah Wray, Umhleli, Amadolobha Namuhla
https://www.itu.int/hub/2022/05/smart-home-iot-benefits-social-care-older-persons/
Ukukhuphuka kwezindleko zokunakekelwa kwezenhlalakahle, inani labantu asebekhulile, kanye nokushoda kwabasebenzi bokunakekela kubangela izinselele ezinkulu kuziphathimandla zendawo zase-UK.
Inani elikhulayo lihlola ukuthi uhlobo lwakamuva lobuchwepheshe bokusiza lungasekela kanjani izakhamuzi ezisengozini ukuze ziphile ngokuzimela isikhathi eside emakhaya azo, zithuthukise izinga lempilo yazo kuyilapho ngesikhathi esifanayo zisiza ukulinganisa isabelomali.
Imikhandlu kufanele futhi ilungiselele ukushintshashintsha kwe-analogu kuye kwedijithali ngo-2025, okuzodinga izixazululo eziningi zokunakekelwa kwezingcingo ukuze zithuthukiswe.
Ubuchwepheshe obethulwa buhlanganisa izinzwa, izipikha ezihlakaniphile nezibani, into engekho ngokoqobo, nokuxhumana kwevidiyo. Imizamo enjalo inamandla okukhombisa amandla eqiniso ezindlu ezihlakaniphile ezingaphezu kwe-gadget gimmickry kanye ne-ultra-convenience.
Isikali noxhaso kuhlale kuyizinselelo. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe abashayeli bezindiza nezivivinyo, imikhandlu eminingana isiqala ukwakha ubudlelwano obusha namamodeli ezezimali.
Ikhishi lixoxa indaba
ISutton Council eLondon ibisebenzisana neSutton Housing Group kanye nenkampani yobuchwepheshe i-IoT Solutions Group ukuze ikhiphe izinzwa zasendlini ezingaba ngu-150 eziletha imininingwane yesikhathi sangempela ngezinga lomuntu ngamunye alenzayo.
Ukusebenzisana bekuvele kuqhubekayo emacaleni okusetshenziswa kwe-IoT ahlobene nokumosha nokupaka. Njengoba isidingo sokunakekelwa komphakathi sikhula ngesikhathi sodlame futhi ukuxhumana nomuntu kufanele kuncishiswe, i-IoT Solutions Group yawulandela ngokushesha umkhiqizo omusha.
Inzwa iqapha izinguquko ezimweni zomkhathi - njengokubilisa iketela, ukuvula umnyango noma ukwenza ukudla, futhi ingaphinda ibone izinkinga ezifana nengcuphe yobumpofu bamafutha noma umswakama.
Izinzwa ezisebenza ngebhethri, ezixhunywe ngamandla aphansi, inethiwekhi yendawo ebanzi (i-LPWAN), zilethwe ngebhokisi lezinhlamvu, kungekho mapulaki, izintambo noma ukulungiselelwa okudingekayo futhi asikho isidingo soxhumano lwe-inthanethi lwasekhaya.
"[Izakhamuzi] ziyakwazi ukuyibeka ekhishini bese zikhohlwa ngakho," kusho uNeal Forse, Umsunguli & CTO e-IoT Solutions Group.
"Izinguquko zomkhathi ezitholwa inzwa zihlanganiswa nefu, futhi yilapho senza khona zonke izibalo, sisebenzisa ama-algorithms ukunquma umsebenzi womuntu ngokungafani nanoma yini enye."
Lokhu kwakha 'iwele ledijithali' lomuntu ngamunye ngokusekelwe emaphethini abo okuziphatha futhi kuphakamisa isixwayiso esisheshayo kumnakekeli, ilungu lomndeni noma isikhulu esiphilayo esizimele uma izinguquko zephethini zitholwa.
Lokhu kunikeza enye indlela yama-alamu alengayo okunakekelwa ngocingo, isibonelo, izakhamuzi okufanele ziwaphushe futhi, njengoba uBradley Coupar, uMphathi weProjekthi ye-Smart Place kanye Nosonhlalakahle, uMkhandlu waseSutton, ephawula, “ngokuvamile bagcina ngokulengiswa noma bafakwe ekhabetheni”.
U-Coupar uthi lolu hlelo seluvele luholele ekungeneleleni kusenesikhathi futhi lwasindisa okungenani impilo eyodwa ngesikhathi umhlali ewa endlini yakhe.
Uthi umshayeli wendiza oqhubekayo uphinde wabonisa izinzuzo zokuboniswa kwedatha nokusebenzisa umshini wokufunda nokuhlaziya okubikezelayo ukuze kusebenze, kunokuba kusebenze. Unamandla okunciphisa izindleko zomkhandlu osebenzisa ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-70 esabelomali sawo ekunakekeleni umphakathi.
“Inhloso akukhona ukususa ukuxhumana nabantu [noma ukunciphisa] ukwesekwa okungenayo, kodwa imayelana nokuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ukwesekwa okufanele ngesikhathi esifanele ngezindlela ezifanele,” uyaphawula.
Isevisi yezinzwa ze-IoT Solutions Group ibiza cishe u-10 GBP (13 USD) ngenyanga idivayisi ngayinye, nezaphulelo ezisetshenziswayo ngokusekelwe enanini lezinzwa nobude benkontileka.
"Izisetshenziswa [zokunakekelwa kwefoni] esinazo njengamanje ezindaweni zabantu - izindleko zidlula lokho," kusho u-Coupar.
Manje ukhiye ukwenza ubuchwepheshe butholakale kabanzi ngokusebenzisa indlela ehlelekile.
Esigabeni esilandelayo sokuhlola, idivayisi izohlanganiswa nezinkundla ezimbalwa zabahlinzeki bocingo, okuzokwenza ukuthi ifinyeleleke kuziphathimandla zasendaweni eziningi kwenye indawo.
“Indaba ohlangana nayo nabashayeli bezindiza ukuthi ubuchwepheshe abukafakwa njengomkhiqizo futhi buxhunywe kuyo yonke ingqalasizinda yokunakekelwa kwezingcingo,” kusho u-Coupar. "Ukuhlanganisa amadivayisi amasha kumamodeli akhona esinawo yinto engiyiphushayo ngempela."
Thuthukisa, ungaqambi
NjengoSutton, uMkhandlu weDolobha laseNewcastle nawo wafunda ngokuhlola ukuthi ukusebenzisana nozakwethu kubalulekile.
Umkhandlu usebenzisana ne-Urban Foresight njengozakwethu wokusungula uguquko lwedijithali. Ngokuthatha indlela eholwa yinselelo, isevisi yokuvuselela kabusha ngaphakathi kokunakekelwa komphakathi kwabantu abadala ikhonjwe njengendawo lapho amathuluzi edijithali angaba nomthelela omkhulu - ikakhulukazi okuhlobene nokuwa. Isevisi yesikhashana isiza abantu ukuthi balulame futhi baphile ngokuzimela ekhaya ngemva kokuhlala esibhedlela noma ukushintsha izidingo.
Inqubo yokuthola ithole ukuthi amaphesenti angu-41 wabasebenzisi besevisi yokubuyisela ahlangabezane nokuwa ngaphambi noma phakathi nephakheji yabo yokunakekelwa, futhi lokhu bekungarekhodwa endaweni eyodwa. Izimbangela ezivamile kwakungadli futhi uphuze ngokwanele, ukweqisa noma ukuwa ngenkathi uhambahamba ekhaya, kanye nesidingo sokulinganisela namandla angcono.
Ithimba lenze ukuskena kobuchwepheshe ukuze libone ukuthi yimaphi amathuluzi angasiza kanye nenhlolovo yabasebenzisi yokuthi abantu bazizwa kanjani ngobuchwepheshe bedijithali.
Bakhethe izipikha ezihlakaniphile ze-Amazon Alexa zokukhumbuza abantu ukuthi badle futhi baphuze, izibani ze-Philips Smart Hue ukuze zisize abantu baqonde ekhaya, kanye nohlelo lokuthuthukisa umzimba olulethwa ngekholi yevidiyo.
“Samangala ukuthi bangaki abantu abanoxhumo lwe-Wi-Fi namakhono edijithali futhi ababethanda ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obusha ukubasiza baphile ngokuphepha ekhaya,” kusho u-Emma Clement, uSenior Consultant kwa-Urban Foresight.
Ukuthunyelwa bekukuncane - kusukela entwasahlobo ka-2021, abasebenzisi abangu-12 bathole ingxube yobuchwepheshe kuye ngezidingo zabo, kodwa uBen McLaughlan, Umphathi Wezinkonzo, Izinkonzo Zokunakekelwa Kwabantu Abadala Nokunakekelwa Kwezenhlalakahle kanye Nezinkonzo Ezididiyelwe eMkhandlwini Wedolobha LaseNewcastle, uthi ngisho nangalesi silinganiso isinyathelo saletha izifundo ezibalulekile.
Idivayisi ye-Alexa iphumelele ikakhulukazi ezikhumbuzini, ukukhanya okuhlakaniphile kwasebenza kahle kodwa kuthathwa ngokuthi "kuyinkimbinkimbi ngokweqile kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihloliwe," futhi uhlelo lokusebenza lokushaya ucingo lwevidiyo aluzange luthuthuke ngaphezu kobufakazi bomqondo ngenxa yezinselele zokuxhuma.
Ngale phrojekthi kwasungulwa uhlelo lokuwa okurekhodiwe okungcono.
Isifundo esikhulu kulo mkhandlu wukudlala ngamandla awo. Uhlolo lubonise ukuthi ithimba elisebenza kabusha libekwe endaweni engcono kakhulu yokweseka abantu abadala ekusebenziseni ubuchwepheshe ukuze bahlangabezane nezinhloso zabo, kodwa hhayi ukuzifaka. Esigabeni esilandelayo, umkhandlu kanye ne-Urban Foresight izosebenzisana nozakwethu okhona wokunakekelwa kwezingcingo onolwazi ngokukhipha ubuchwepheshe basekhaya kanye nokuphatha izindaba ezinjengokulawulwa kwesitoko kanye nokuthengwa kwempahla.
UClement uthi: “Isimiso esisithathile siwukuthi: thuthukisa, ungaqalisi.
Ukuhlolwa kwenani lemali kuphethe ngokuthi ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bomthengi konga futhi ukube umshayeli wendiza wayevimbele ukuwa okukodwa nje, bekuzozikhokhela ngaphezu kokuphindwe kabili.
Isigaba esilandelayo sizophinda sihlole amapende alengayo asebenzisa ukuxhumana kwamaselula ukuze akwazi ukugqokwa ngaphandle kwekhaya, futhi okuhlanganisa ne-tracker yendawo yokweseka abaphethwe ukuwohloka komqondo abangase balahleke. Amadivayisi e-Alexa azophinde avivinywe endaweni yokunakekelwa kwendawo yokuhlala.
UClement uthe ezinye izifundo ezibalulekile ezifundiwe wukubaluleka kokuthatha indlela esekelwe ezinseleleni, ezobuchwepheshe, kanye nokuba nabasebenzi abazinikele ukwengamela lolu hlelo.
Lo msebenzi uphinde uhlanganiswe ne-Collaborative Newcastle, ubambiswano phakathi komkhandlu, izinhlangano zezempilo nezenhlalakahle, umkhakha wokuzithandela namanyuvesi ukuthuthukisa ezempilo nokuphila kahle edolobheni. Lolu hlelo manje lunohlelo lokusebenza lwedijithali, oluzosiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi imibono emisha icutshungulwa ngendlela ephelele, kusho uMcLaughlan.
Buyela ekutshalweni kwezimali
I-Liverpool izama ubuchwepheshe bezempilo yedijithali ngenethiwekhi yayo ye-5G. Lokhu kusekela izinhlelo zokusebenza ezibucayi kakhulu futhi kunikeza amandla ezwi lengxoxo, u-Ann Williams, Umphathi Wokugunyazwa kanye Nezinkontileka Wezinsizakalo Zezenhlalakahle Yabantu Abadala eMkhandlwini weDolobha lase-Liverpool, athi kubalulekile.
"Kunezinzwa eziningi ezingasebenzisa i-IoT futhi zinhle kakhulu," uyaphawula. "Zishibhile kunezisetshenziswa zendabuko zokunakekelwa kwezingcingo, ngakho-ke lokho kuhlanganisa. Kodwa siyabona ukuthi ngeke kuthathe indawo yesistimu yokunakekelwa kwezingcingo ngendlela efanayo ngoba awukwazi ukuba naleyo ngxoxo yezwi."
Isigaba sokuqala salo msebenzi saqala ngo-April 2018 njengengxenye yoMnyango Wezamasiko, Abezindaba Nezemidlalo Uhlelo lwe-5G Testbeds and Trials Programme futhi lwadonsa izinyanga ezingu-20.
Le phrojekthi, eyakhokhiswa njengesivivinyo sokuqala sezempilo esisekelwa i-5G e-Europe, yathola izigidi ezingu-4.9 ze-GBP (i-6.4 million USD) ukuhlola ukuthi ubuchwepheshe be-5G bunganikeza kanjani izinzuzo zezempilo ezilinganisekayo nokunakekelwa komphakathi endaweni entula idijithali.
Ilethwe yi-cross-sector consortium kanye nobuchwepheshe be-11 bavivinywa namavolontiya, okuhlanganisa izinhlelo zokusebenza zokunciphisa isizungu, izinsizakalo ze-telehealth, ukuphazamiseka kwezinhlungu zangempela, izinzwa zemvelo, idivayisi elwa nokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, kanye nesixhumanisi sevidiyo yekhemisi esivumela abantu ukuthi baphuze imithi ngokuphepha ekhaya.
Ukuhlola kuphethe ngokuthi ukusebenzisa kungathuthukisa imiphumela yezempilo kanye nezinga lempilo kubasebenzisi benkonzo futhi kukhuphule umthamo wezinsizakalo zezempilo nezokunakekelwa komphakathi.
Ukuhlaziywa kubale ukulinganiselwa kwezindleko ezingase zibe khona ezinsizeni zezempilo nezokunakekelwa kwezenhlalakahle ezingaphezu kuka-200,000 GBP ngabasebenzisi abayi-100 ngonyaka, kuncike kubuchwepheshe obusetshenzisiwe.
Isigaba sesibili sephrojekthi sithole enye i-GBP eyizigidi ezingu-4.3 ukuthuthukisa inethiwekhi yangasese ye-5G yezinsizakalo zezempilo nezenhlalakahle ezindaweni ezikhethiwe ze-Liverpool.
Ubuchwepheshe buhlanganisa idivayisi yezinga lezokwelapha ukuphatha nokuqapha izimo zezempilo ukude, uhlelo lokusebenza olufundisa amasu okunciphisa ukukhathazeka, isevisi yokucupha ye-GP ekude, ukunakekelwa kwenxeba nokuphathwa kanye nobuchwepheshe bezinzwa.
Iphrojekthi isanda kunwetshwa ukuze iqhubeke kuze kube uSepthemba 2022 futhi ihlose ukuthuthukisa 'ipulani' yokusetshenziswa kwamanethiwekhi angasese e-5G ekuletheni izinsiza zomphakathi.
Iphrojekthi izofinyelela umvuthwandaba ngokuhlaziywa okuningiliziwe kwecala lebhizinisi le-5G yangasese.
UWilliams uthe lokhu kuzoba mayelana nezinzuzo zekhwalithi yempilo kanye nezimali eziqinile futhi kungabandakanya izici ezifana nezindleko ezigwenywa ngabantu abaphila ngokuzimela isikhathi eside, ukuncipha kokuwa kanye namahora abanakekeli abakhululiwe.
Ukuhlola izinzuzo ezitholwayo kusho ukucaca mayelana nemigomo, uthi.
"Besihlale sine-mantra yangempela yokungabi nabuchwepheshe ngenxa yezobuchwepheshe. Kukhona zonke izinhlobo zobuchwepheshe be-whiz bang laphaya, kodwa umbuzo uwukuthi: ingabe ixazulula inkinga yesikhathi eside yangempela?"
Umthelela wenethiwekhi
Yize udaba lwebhizinisi kungewona nje umbuzo wemali, amadolobha adinga ukubheka ukuthi izinhlelo zingaxhaswa kanjani isikhathi eside.
Indlela ekhulayo yokwenza udaba lwebhizinisi iyindlela ehlanganisa konke.
UWilliams uthi: “Sinombono obanzi womphakathi kunezempilo nezenhlalo kuphela. "Kunohlu lwezinye izinto esingasebenzisela le [network]."
Ngokubonisa inkambiso, umkhankaso we-Liverpool uboshelwe emizamweni yokunciphisa ukuhlukana kwedijithali ukuze abantu abengeziwe bakwazi ukufinyelela amathuba aku-inthanethi emfundo, umsebenzi kanye nezinjongo zokuxhumana.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokuthi inethiwekhi ye-Liverpool iyimfihlo, idolobha linganikeza 'izingcezu' ku-opharetha benethiwekhi yeselula ukuze bagcwalise izikhala zokumboza.
“Lokho kubuyisela emuva ubudlelwano obujwayelekile nezinkampani zamaselula,” kusho uWilliams. “Enye yezinkampani ezinkulu yathi kimi: 'Ann, asinawo umnyango lapho imikhandlu isidayisela khona: siyakudayisela wena.'
UWilliams ulindele ukuthi le modeli "ephazamisayo" idume kakhulu phakathi kweziphathimandla zendawo.
Ukwamukela
Izindlu zabantu ziyizindawo zabo eziyimfihlo kakhulu ngakho-ke kunemibuzo mayelana nokuthi ukuqapha kwedijithali kungase kuzwakale kuphazamisa yini.
UCoupar uthi bambalwa kakhulu abahlali abanikezwa lolu hlelo oSuthwini abalunqabile. Akukho ukurekhoda okubukwayo noma okulalelwayo okwenzekayo, futhi akukho datha yomuntu siqu eqoqwayo.
"Eqinisweni bekulula ukukubuza ngoba besingekho isidingo sokufakwa kwezinto eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ngesikhathi abantu bekhathazeke kakhulu ngempilo yabo, ngicabanga ukuthi kwamukelekile ukuthi iziphathimandla zendawo bezicubungula izindlela zokugcina abantu bephephile."
INewcastle ithole ukuthi ezinye izakhamizi bezixwayile ngesikhathi zithintwa ngocingo nokubonakale kubalulekile ukuthi izise izisetshenziswa zibakhombise.
I-Urban Foresight inikeze isiqondiso ekuphathweni kwedatha kanye nolwazi olunikezwe abantu mayelana nokuba yingxenye yocwaningo.
“Impela ziningi izifanekiso esingazisebenzisa futhi esikhathini esizayo,” kusho uMcLaughlan.
UWilliams uthe isibalo esincane sababambe iqhaza eLiverpool babuyise izinzwa bethi abawuthandi umuzwa wokuthi baqashwe ngeso lokhozi ngaso sonke isikhathi. Amathuluzi “akuwona awo wonke umuntu,” usho kanje kodwa ukholelwa ukuthi lokhu kuzoshintsha kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi njengoba abantu sebejwayele ukusebenzisa izinto ezifana namawashi ahlakaniphile nobunye ubuchwepheshe.
Uthi: “Nathi ngeke sikwazi ukusho amazwi ashanelayo. "Kunenqwaba yabantu [abadala] okwathi ngenxa yalolu bhubhane bavele baba ochwepheshe ku-Facebook Portal noma ku-Google Hub."
"Basebenzisa ubuchwepheshe ngaphandle kokububiza ngokuthi ubuchwepheshe - bayazi ukuthi bangakhuluma nabazukulu babo uma benza lokhu, lokhu nalokhu. Futhi yileyo ndlela esibona ngayo abantu bezamukela izinto."
Lesi sihloko saqala ukuvela ku-Cities Today.
Ikhredithi yesithombe: Ukukhiqizwa kwe-SHVETS nge-Pexels
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-06-2022